A void marriage is deemed non-existent from the moment of celebration . Under the Family Code of the Philippines , it is as if the union never took place . Because it is inherently flawed, it can not be ratified by time.
Grounds Under the Family Code
Underage Marriage : Unions where either party is below 18, even with parental consent .
Unauthorized Officers: Marriages performed by an officer without the legal authority to solemnize marriages.
No Marriage License: Marrying without a valid marriage license (unless legally exempted).
Psychological Incapacity : When a party is psychologically unable to fulfill essential marital obligations .
Prohibited Relationships: Marriages between close relatives (e.g., siblings or ascendants ).
What is a Voidable Marriage?
In contrast, a voidable marriage is originally considered binding and subsisting until it is canceled by a competent court . Unlike void marriages , a voidable marriage may be ratified if the injured party cohabits with the other after the defect is removed.
Grounds for Annulment
Underage Consent Issues: If a party is between 18 and 21 and wed without parental permission.
Insanity : If one spouse was mentally ill at the time of the wedding .
Deception: Consent obtained through deceit (e.g., concealing a pregnancy void vs voidable marriage philippines by another).
Vitiated Consent: If the marriage was coerced through threats.
Physical Incapacity : If one party is biologically unable to complete the marriage.
Key Differences: Void vs Voidable
The main differences lie in the standing and the time limits for filing.
| Feature | Void Marriage | Voidable | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Legal Nature | Never existed | Valid until annulled | | Ratification | Cannot be cured | Can be validated | | Prescription | Never expires | Limited period | | Legitimacy | Legally illegitimate* | Legitimate |
Note: Under the Family Code, children of marriages declared void due to Psychological Incapacity (Article 36) are considered legitimate.
The Legal Process
To legally end these marriages, you must submit a petition in the Regional Trial Court. For a void marriage, you seek a Declaration of Absolute Nullity . For a voidable marriage, you request an Annulment of Marriage.
Hiring a experienced attorney in the Philippines is highly recommended to ensure your case is handled correctly.